4 Energy, electricity and forces
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4.1 Energy transfer and electricity |
click4.1a Energy transfer by heating
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| recognise that heating is a process in which energy is transferred | use a simple model of energy transfer to explain temperature change
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| recognise that the energy transfer model is a useful way of explaining the heating process
| relate the energy transfer model to ideas about the movement of particles during heating
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| explore how differences in temperature lead to energy transfer from hot to cold objects in physical, chemical and biological contexts
| use a simple qualitative way of accounting for energy transfers by and through different materials
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click4.1b Energy transfer by sound
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| recognise that the energy transfer model is a useful way of explaining the way energy is transferred as sound in living and non-living systems
| use a simple particle model to explain how sound travels through solids, liquids and gases
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| use simple models, e.g. slinky, to represent the characteristics of sound waves
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| | evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of simple models used to represent the characteristics of sound waves
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click4.1c Energy transfer by light
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| explain that light travels in a straight line, and use the convention of straight lines as a way of representing light rays
| explore how using straight lines as a model to represent light rays is often a simplification and could lead to misconceptions
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| explore the way different materials absorb, transmit or reflect light and why non-luminous objects can only be seen when light from a luminous object shines on them | explore how light of different colours is absorbed or reflected by different surfaces
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click4.1d Energy transfer by electric current
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| construct a range of working electrical circuits to explore and explain their thinking about electricity
| explain, using data and a simple model, the differences between series and parallel circuits
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| use a model to describe the flow of current and begin to recognise some of its strengths and weaknesses | explore different models to explain the flow of current and the transfer of energy
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| explain the benefits and drawbacks of the use of electricity
| explain the benefits and drawbacks of the use of energy resources to generate electricity
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click4.1e Energy transfer in biosystems
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| recognise that energy in food is transferred during different biological processes
| use data to explore how energy in food is transferred during different biological processes, e.g. respiration
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| use a simple energy flow model, e.g. arrows in a food chain or web, to track energy transfers in ecosystems | explore the strengths and weaknesses of the simple energy flow model to track energy transfers in an ecosystem
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